CONTOH KASUS TEKNIK PERHITUNGAN BAGI HASIL DAN JUAL BELI BMT SYARIAH

Dalam artikel terakhir ini kita akan membahas tentang bagaimana menkonversikan perhitungan bagi hasil dan jual beli kepada nilai nisbah.

Yang perlu diperhatikan adalah:

a. Untuk produk dengan prinsip dan akad jual beli tidak sulit karena tinggal menambahkan harga pokok dengan marjin keuntungan yang diharapkan. Misal, pada akad murobahah untuk jual beli secara tangguh sebuah televisi, tinggal menghitung berapa % marjin harga jual yang diharapkan sebulan dikalikan jumlah waku angsuran ditambah harga pokok pembelian.

Contoh: harga TV Rp 1 juta, marjin 2%/bulan, jangka waktu cicilan 4 bulan, maka harga jual kepada anggota adalah = Rp 1 juta + (Rp 1 juta) X (2% X 4) = Rp 1.080.000,00.

b. Untuk produk dengan akad mudharobah dan musyarokah, perlu memahami dahulu karakteristik usaha yang dijalankan anggota dan mengetahui berapa omzet usaha mereka. Juga perlu menentukan apakah pola pengembalian modal itu diangsur atau dibayar diakhir bersama bagi hasilnya. Bila diangsur, maka perlu dipertimbangkan rasio penurunan modal BMT di anggota (karena semakin berkurang karena angsuran). Bila dibayar di akhir, tidak menjadi sulit, karena modal BMT masih utuh di anggota.

Kita buat contoh kasus agar lebih mengerti:

Pa Jaja melakukan pembiayaan dengan :
Plafond = Rp 1.000.000,00
Jangka waktu = 4 bulan
Angsuran Pokok = Rp 250.000,00/bulan
Margin diharap BMT = 2 %/bulan
Omzet usaha = rata-rata Rp 3 juta/bulan

Untuk memudahkan perhitungan konversi ke nisbah, buatlah tabel proyeksi sebagai berikut:

Tabel proyeksi:
Angsuran Ke Pokok K Y D Nisbah
1 250.000 1 jt X 2% = 20.000 20 rb/3 jt=0,66%
2 250.000 (1 jt-250 rb) X 2% = 15.000 15 rb/3jt=0,5%
3 250.000 (1jt-250rb-250rb)X 2% =10.000 10 rb/3 jt=0,3%
4 250.000 =(1jt-250rb-250rb-250rb) X 2% = 5.000, 5 rb/3 jt=0,16%
Jumlah 1.000.000 Rp 50.000,00

Dengan tabel proyeksi di atas, maka untuk perhitungan bagi hasil, yang menjadi pegangan adalah nisbahnya. Nisbah itulah yang nantinya dikalikan dengan omzet riil yang didapat anggota setiap bulannya. Bulan pertama, nisbah 0,66% dikalikan omzet riil, bulan kedua 0,5 % dikalikan omzet riil bulan bersangkutan, demikian seterusnya.

Misalnya:
Pada bulan I, anggota mendapatkan penghasilan (omzet) sebesar Rp 3.200.000,00, maka bagi hasil untuk BMT Alim Rugi adalah:
0,66% X Rp 3.200.000,00 = Rp 21.120,00

Pada bulan 2, anggota mendapatkan penghasilan (omzet) sebesar Rp 2.800.000,00, maka bagi hasil untuk BMT Alim Rugi adalah:
0,5% X Rp 2.800.000,00 = Rp 14.000,00

Demikian seterusnya.

Masalah yang biasanya timbul dalam pembiayaan adalah, keengganan para anggota untuk mencatat pendapatannya. Namun, justru ini adalah tantangan yang harus dihadapi oleh para pengelola BMT Syariah, bagaimana mampu memberikan pembelajaran yang baik terhadap para anggotanya.



Artikel 1 : TEKNIK PERHITUNGAN BAGI HASIL DAN JUAL BELI BMT SYARIAH
Artikel 2 : TEKNIK PERHITUNGAN BAGI HASIL DAN JUAL BELI BMT SYARIAH II
Artikel 3 : CONTOH KASUS TEKNIK PERHITUNGAN BAGI HASIL DAN JUAL BELI BMT SYARIAH

TEKNIK PERHITUNGAN BAGI HASIL DAN JUAL BELI BMT SYARIAH II

Kita lanjutkan pembahasan tentang tehnik perhitungan dan bagi hasil di BMT Syariah. Artikel pertama bisa anda baca di TEKNIK PERHITUNGAN BAGI HASIL DAN JUAL BELI BMT SYARIAH.

Secara umum rumus untuk menghitung harga jual ke anggota adalah:

HARGA JUAL = HARGA POKOK + KEUNTUNGAN YG DIHARAPKAN ( KYD )

Harga pokok dihitung dengan menghitung rasio CoM seperti dipaparkan di bawah:
Biaya rutin harus diketahui untuk mengukur apakah harga jual BMT kepada anggota bisa menutupi biaya rutin tersebut dan ada selisih lebihnya ataukah tidak.

Untuk mengetahui harga jual pesaing tidak sulit, karena sering dipublikasikan di media-media. Namun untuk menentukan Cost of Money (Com) kita perlu beberapa langkah:

a. Hitung berapa rata-rata biaya yang harus dikeluarkan setiap bulannya?
b. Hitung atau lihat berapa total asset pada bulan bersangkutan.
c. Hitung prosentasenya dengan rumus:

BIAYA OPERASIONAL x 100% = ASSET

Maka, nilai hasil perhitungan tersebut menunjukkan nilai impas (plus-plos), suatu kondisi tidak untung dan tidak rugi, dan dari nilai itulah harga jual BMT berangkat dengan melihat harga jual pesaing dan berapa laba yang diinginkan.

Apabila Cost of Money melebihi harga jual pesaing, sulit bagi BMT untuk bisa bersaing. Maka BMT harus melakukan efisiensi biaya. Kalau sulit melakukan efisiensi biaya, maka manajemen BMT perlu kreativitas yang serba super agar biar mahal bisa dibeli orang.

Contoh kasus:

BMT ALIM RUGI pada Agustus 2004 datanya menunjukkan untuk total biaya yang telah dikeluarkan sebesar Rp 20 juta, dan assetnya saat itu adalah Rp 1, 5 milyar, maka rasio Com-nya adalah : Rp 20 juta/Rp 1,5M X 100% = 1,33%. Berarti harga pokoknya adalah 1,33%.

Bila harga jual pesaing adalah 2%/bulan, maka agar bisa bersaing dengan pesaing namun masih memiliki untung, maka harga jual BMT:

Harga Jual = 1,33% + KYD

Nilai KYD bisa berapa saja tergantung Harga Jual Pesaing, sehingga jumlah total tidak melebihi pesaing agar memiliki nilai keunggulan.

Artikel berikutnya kita akan membahas Bagaimana menkonversikannya kepada nilai nisbah.



Artikel 1 : TEKNIK PERHITUNGAN BAGI HASIL DAN JUAL BELI BMT SYARIAH
Artikel 2 : TEKNIK PERHITUNGAN BAGI HASIL DAN JUAL BELI BMT SYARIAH II
Artikel 3 : CONTOH KASUS TEKNIK PERHITUNGAN BAGI HASIL DAN JUAL BELI BMT SYARIAH

TEKNIK PERHITUNGAN BAGI HASIL DAN JUAL BELI BMT SYARIAH

Pada kesempatan ini kami memberikan artikel tentang TEKNIK PERHITUNGAN BAGI HASIL DAN JUAL BELI BMT SYARIAH yang terbagi dalam tiga artikel. Semoga artikel ini bisa bermanfaat bagi pembaca.

Sebagaimana yang sudah kita memafhumi bersama bahwa prinsip-prinsip transaksi syari’ah di BMT yaitu: prinsip bagi hasil, prinsip jual beli dan prinsip non-profit. Yang memerlukan teknik perhitungan khusus adalah prinsip bagi hasil dan jual beli pada BMT Syariah.

Prinsip bagi hasil melahirkan akad Musyarokah dan Mudharobah dengan berbagai macam produk pembiayaan. Prinsip bagi hasil pula melahirkan akad mudharobah pada berbagai jenis simpanan.

Prinsip jual beli melahirkan akad Murobahah, Bai’Salam dan Istishna.

Bagaimana teknis perhitungan akad yang menggunakan prinsip bagi hasil dan jual beli?

Untuk menentukan perhitungan bagi hasil pembiayaan dengan anggota, pertama-tama kita harus mengetahui terlebih dahulu beberapa faktor:

a. Berapa rata-rata harga jual pesaing. Yang jadi pertimbangan pengelola BMT Syariah biasanya adalah harga pesaing lembaga-lembaga konvensional, artinya berapa prosen suku bunga pinjaman mereka.

Hal ini untuk bahan evaluasi sehingga harga jual BMT Syariah tidak terlalu murah dan juga tidak terlalu mahal sehingga kalah bersaing.

b. Berapa biaya rutin yang harus dikeluarkan BMT Syariah setiap bulannya (Cost of Money)?



Artikel 1 : TEKNIK PERHITUNGAN BAGI HASIL DAN JUAL BELI BMT SYARIAH
Artikel 2 : TEKNIK PERHITUNGAN BAGI HASIL DAN JUAL BELI BMT SYARIAH II
Artikel 3 : CONTOH KASUS TEKNIK PERHITUNGAN BAGI HASIL DAN JUAL BELI BMT SYARIAH

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